The chromosome number is among the primary foundation of hybridization in agricultural vegetation in addition to in animals. The diploid numbers of chromosomes are necessarily consistent within the same species. It is a very powerful matter of overview in fundamental plant breeding.
It is the overall rule that a hit crosses are more straightforward to achieve between particular person plants underneath the similar species slightly than between other species underneath the same genus (interspecific pass). Consequently, it is tougher to produce an intergeneric hybrid. In sum, folks which are closely similar taxonomically are much more more straightforward to pass.
However, it’s not the diploid chromosome quantity by myself that determines the ability of 2 folks to readily shape a hybrid. Main determinant is the karyotype, regarding the number, as well as the dimensions and shape of the chromosomes of an individual. Other issues are the kinds of sex chromosomes, lethal genes, and polyploidy.
Listed within the desk underneath are the diploid chromosome numbers of some agricultural crops and quite a lot of animal species. Sources of the information are provided.
| ORGANISM | SPECIES |
DIPLOID
(2N) CHROMOSOME NUMBER | SOURCE |
| Crops | |||
| Alfalfa | Medicago sativa | 32 | 2 |
| Avocado | Persea americana | 24 | 4 |
| Barley | Hordeum vulgare | 14 | 2,3 |
| Bermudagrass | Cynodon dactylon | 36 | 2 |
| Broad bean | Vicia faba | 12 | 3 |
| Cashew | Anacardium occidentale | 42 | 4 |
| Corn (maize) | Zea mays | 20 | 1,3 |
| Cotton, American-Egyptian | Gossypium barbadense | 52 | 2 |
| Cotton, upland | Gossypium hirsutum | 52 | 2,3 |
| Durian | Durio zibethinus | 56 | 4 |
| Flax | Linum usitatissimum | 30 | 2 |
| Garden pea | Pisum sativum | 14 | 1,3 |
| Grape | Vitis vinifera | 38 | 4 |
| Guava | Psidium guajava | 22 | 4 |
| Kidney bean | Phaseolus vulgaris | 22 | 3 |
| Mango | Mangifera indica | 40 | 4 |
| Oats, white | Avena sativa | 42 | 2 |
| Oats, red | Avena byzantina | 42 | 2 |
| Onion | Allium cepa | 16 | 3 |
| Papaya | Carica papaya | 18 | 4 |
| Peanut | Arachis hypogaea | 40 | 2 |
| Pineapple | Ananas comosus | 50 | 4 |
| Potato | Solanum tuberosum | 48 | 2,3 |
| Rice | Oryza sativa | 24 | 2,3 |
| Rye | Secale cereale | 14 | 2 |
| Sorghum | Sorghum vulgare | 20 | 2 |
| Soybean | Glycine max | 40 | 2 |
| Squash | Cucurbita pepo | 40 | 3 |
| Sugar beet | Beta vulgaris | 18 | 2 |
| Sugar cane | Saccharum officinarum | 80 | 2 |
| Tamarind | Tamarindus indica | 24 | 4 |
| Tobacco | Nicotiana tabacum | 48 | 2,3 |
| Tomato | Lycopersicon esculentum | 24 | 3 |
| Wheat, durum | Triticum durum | 28 | 2 |
| Wheat, common | Triticum vulgare | 42 | 2 |
| Wheat, club | Triticum compactum | 42 | 2 |
| Animals | |||
| Man | Homo sapiens | 46 | 1,3 |
| Cat | Felix domesticus | 38 | 3 |
| Cattle | Bos taurus | 60 | 3 |
| Chicken | Gallus domesticus | 78 | 1 |
| Dog | Canis familiaris | 78 | 3 |
| Donkey | Equus asinus | 62 | 3 |
| Frog | Rana pipiens | 26 | 3 |
| Fruit fly | Drosophila melanogaster | 8 | 1,3 |
| Grasshopper | Melanoplus differentialis | 24 | 3 |
| Honeybee | Apis mellifera | 32 | 3 |
| Horse | Equus calibus | 64 | 3 |
| House fly | Musca domestica | 12 | 1,3 |
| Mosquito | Culex pipiens | 6 | 3 |
| Rabbit | Oryctolagus cuniculus | 44 | 3 |
| Red ant | Formica sanguinea | 48 | 3 |
| Rhesus monkey | Macaca mulatta | 42 | 3 |
1HARTL DL, FREIFELDER D, SNYDER LA. 1988. Basic Genetics. Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. 505 p.
2POEHLMAN JM. 1977. Breeding Field Crops. Connecticut: AVI Publishing Co., Inc. 427 p.
3STRICKBERGER MW. 1976. Genetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. 914 p.
4VERHEIJ EWM, CORONEL RE (eds.). 1992. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No.2: Edible Fruits and Nuts. Bogor, Indonesia: Prosea Foundation. 447 p.
(Ben G. Bareja, Dec. 4, 2013)
